An extraordinary archaeological discovery in North Korea has unveiled a stone statue of Amitābha Buddha dating back to the early 10th century, offering new insights into the spiritual and artistic heritage of the Goryeo dynasty—a time revered as the Golden Age of Buddhism on the Korean Peninsula.

A stone statue of the Bhaishajyaguru Buddha dating from the ninth century, in the Unified Silla period. Acquired by the National Museum of Korea (Representational image). Credit: Ethan Doyle White

The 1.7-meter-tall statue was uncovered at an archaeological location in Yakjon-ri, Sukchon County, South Phyongan Province, by a joint team from the Archaeology Insтιтute of the Academy of Social Sciences and the National Authority for the Protection of Cultural Heritage. The Korean Central News Agency (KCNA) reported the discovery, stating that the statue was carved when the Goryeo kingdom was still in its formative years (918–1392), a monarchical state renowned for religious devotion and a flourishing culture.

Through close examination of the hand positions and iconography of the statue, scholars have identified the figure as Amitābha, the Buddha of Boundless Light, a central Pure Land Buddhist figure. Amitābha is typically depicted seated, meditating, eyes shut in prayer, with a sense of calm and serenity. His presence is often ᴀssociated with Sukhavati, a celestial realm in which the devout hope to be reborn, free from worldly suffering.

View Image (via KCNA)

“The analysis of the position of the Buddha’s two hands and other depictions confirmed it as the image of Amitābha,” reported the KCNA. “Scholars also examined tile pieces found nearby and discovered that they were manufactured in the early 10th century, the early years of Goryeo.”

While Amitābha is usually flanked by two bodhisattvas—Avalokiteśvara and Mahāsthāmaprāpta—who together form the traditional Amitābha Triad, no attendant statues were found at the site. This absence has surprised scholars, as many other Goryeo-era depictions of Amitābha include these enlightened companions, who are said to delay their own nirvana in order to guide others to salvation.

The recently unearthed Buddha statue is a fine example of the superior craftsmanship that characterized this era. With its serene, round face, protruding lips, gently closed eyes, and gracefully extended ears, the subject emanates an overwhelming sense of gravitas. The top section of the statue is well-smoothed, a reflection of the master craftsman’s delicate and precise technique.

According to KCNA, “The stone Buddhist image, well-trimmed with delicate and exquisite skills, will be of great help to the study of the history and culture of the period of Goryeo, as it is another precious legacy showing the excellent talents and wisdom of the Korean ancestors.”