The DNA of three late Roman-era skeletons discovered in the same grave has revealed “a family tragedy.”

The discovery of the grave was unexpected because no evidence of a farm settlement was found at the site. Credit: Cotswold Archaeology

Experts believe a mother, her unborn son, and her mother-in-law fell ill and died at the same time, BBC News reported.

The grave was discovered in Cheddington, Buckinghamshire, and the DNA was analyzed as part of a project to sequence ancient genomes.

Sharon Clough, a human bones specialist, described the familial relationship as a “very unexpected discovery.” She said: “Obviously tragedy had befallen this family and this community – and the community wanted to continue the relationship of women in life in death.”

The tomb was discovered during an excavation in 2018 and was deemed “unusual” because most late Roman or early Saxon tombs only contain one body.

The burials took place between AD 255 and 433, according to radiocarbon dating.

Ms Clough added: bone analysis revealed that one of the skeletons was roughly 25 years old when they were buried, while the other was more than 45.

The premature baby was between 32 and 36 weeks old, although it was unclear whether he was still in the womb or had died at the time he was buried.

While she theorized about the two women having a familial relationship, the exact nature of their relationship was revealed only when the bones were sent for analysis.

She couldn’t find anything on the bones that indicated the cause of death. Credit: Cotswold Archaeology

“The Francis Crick Insтιтute’s Thousand Ancient Genomes of Great Britain research project has been groundbreaking in recent years, answering questions that archaeologists in the past have been able to ask but not answer,” she explaine

Mitochondrial DNA confirmed that the younger woman and infant were mother and child, while “more remarkably” it was found that the older woman was related to the baby but not the mother.

The project could also tell her that the fetus was a boy, which bone analysis couldn’t.

Ms Clough stated that it was obvious a large grave had been prepared to accommodate the bodies. Credit: Cotswold ArchaeologyThe discovery of the grave was unexpected because no evidence of a farm settlement was found at the site. Credit: Cotswold Archaeology

The bones have been kept at Buckinghamshire County Museum in Aylesbury for future research as techniques evolve.

The excavation was done by the Bristol Society of Merchant Venturers in front of a housing development.

Cotswold Archaeology