Archaeologists from Brazil’s National Insтιтute of Historic and Artistic Heritage (IPHAN) have uncovered a series of 16 new archaeological sites within the Jalapão region, located in the eastern part of Tocantins state.

Credit: Rômulo Macedo/IPHAN

These sites, dating back approximately 2,000 years, exhibit a remarkable array of rock art, featuring human and animal footprints, engraved symbols, and depictions of celestial bodies.

Led by archaeologist Rômulo Macedo, the IPHAN team has been exploring the area since 2022, with these recent discoveries representing the latest additions to their ongoing research efforts. Macedo highlighted the significance of the findings, stating, “Among the symbols are human footprints and those of animals such as deer and wild pigs, and figures that resemble celestial bodies.”

Despite their cultural importance, these newly revealed sites face imminent threats from various sources. Factors such as erosion caused by wind, forest fires, deforestation, and vandalism pose significant risks to the preservation of these ancient treasures. IPHAN has launched conservation initiatives and educational campaigns in the region to combat these threats and raise awareness about the importance of safeguarding Brazil’s cultural heritage.

The Jalapão region, characterized by its unique cerrado vegetation, expansive sand dunes, and distinctive flat-topped plateaus, has long been a site of human habitation. Previous archaeological research suggests that humans have occupied the area for at least 12,000 years.

In light of the ongoing discoveries and the challenges posed by environmental degradation and human activity, IPHAN continues to collaborate with local communities and authorities to ensure the protection and conservation of Brazil’s rich cultural heritage within the Jalapão region.