A copper axe dating back to the 4th to 3rd millennium BCE has been unearthed in Poland’s Hrubieszów district.
Credit: Lublin Provincial Conservator of Monuments
The axe, measuring 7.4 cm in length, with a wide fan-shaped blade 4.1 cm wide, and a rectangular convex head measuring 0.9 cm x 0.6 cm, has been linked to the enigmatic Cucuteni–Trypillia culture, a Neolithic–Chalcolithic group that thrived in Southeast Europe.
Archaeologists collaborated with experts from the Insтιтute of Archaeology of the Maria Curie-Skłodowska University in Lublin, drawing upon comparative analyses and historical research to unravel the axe’s mysteries.
Professor Elżbieta Kłosińska from the Insтιтute of Archaeology of the Maria Curie-Skłodowska University in Lublin said: “The presented axe belonged to Bronze Age cultures, as the artifact in no way corresponded to the known and already fairly well-recognized typologies of axes from that period.”
The Lublin Provincial Conservator of Monuments described it as crafted through a primitive casting method, suggesting a connection to the earlier Neolithic era. This led to speculation about the axe’s origins, given the absence of similar artifacts within Poland’s archaeological record.
However, a breakthrough came when a similar axe was discovered near Kyiv in Ukraine, accompanied by pottery fragments attributed to the Cucuteni–Trypillia culture. This finding provided crucial context, indicating the presence of Trypillian people in eastern Poland, beyond their traditional heartlands in southeastern Europe. According to the Lublin conservator, the discovery may signify the oldest known copper artifact in Poland.
The significance of this discovery extends beyond mere artifact identification; it challenges existing perceptions of ancient cultures’ geographical boundaries and trade networks. The possibility of lost Trypillian settlements in Poland raises questions about the extent of their civilization’s reach and interactions with neighboring regions.
The axe will undergo further study at the Hrubieszów Museum, offering researchers an opportunity to delve deeper into its significance and the mysteries it unravels about ancient civilizations and their interactions.
