A 1,600-year-old mosaic, one of the most beautiful ever unearthed in Israel, has finally been unveiled to the world in the Western Negev, bringing to life a treasure trove of ancient history for modern-day visitors.

The mosaic is decorated with with hunting scenes, animals and scenes of everyday life. Credit: Emil Aladjem, Israel Antiquities Authority

Originally discovered in 1990 near Kibbutz Urim, close to the Gaza Strip, the Be’er Shema (Birsama) mosaic is now permanently displayed at the Merhavim Regional Council headquarters following extensive conservation efforts.

The 324–638 CE Byzantine-era mosaic originally belonged to a large monastery complex. The mosaic features 55 detailed medallions, each with mythological subjects, hunting scenes, exotic animals, baskets of fruit, and scenes from daily life.

The mosaic is decorated with with hunting scenes, animals and scenes of everyday life. Credit: Emil Aladjem, Israel Antiquities Authority

According to Shaike Lender, an archaeologist who led the first excavation for the Israel Antiquities Authority (IAA), the mosaic was created by “a true artist,” piecing together tiny colored stones, glᴀss, and pottery to form its colorful, detailed images.

The Israel Antiquities Authority conservation team working on the mosaic’s preservation. Credit: Emil Aladjem, Israel Antiquities Authority

The site where the mosaic was unearthed also contained a large winepress and storage jugs, evidence that the monastery was a self-sustaining community engaged in wine production.

Situated along an ancient route from Halutza in the Negev to the port city of Gaza, the settlement served as a haven for travelers on the harsh desert route. The road was part of the Nabataean-Roman ancient spice trail and would have functioned as a border zone between desert and settled land.

he impressive mosaic following conservation work. Credit: Emil Aladjem, Israel Antiquities Authority

Following its discovery, the mosaic was covered with protective layers to avoid environmental and agricultural damage. However, over time, it deteriorated, prompting emergency conservation by the IAA and the Israeli Ministry of Heritage. Under the “Antiquities Right at Home” initiative, the mosaic was re-excavated, restored, and relocated to a protected public space.

Merhavim Regional Council Head Shay Hajaj said: “This beautiful mosaic, a living testament to life that existed in the Negev roughly 1,500 years ago, will be preserved here and serve as a focal point for visits and learning—for tourists, students, and residents from across the country.”

The mosaic after its exposure during the 1990 excavation by the Israel Antiquities Authority. Credit: Nachshon Sneh, Israel Antiquities Authority

The mosaic is today part of an open archaeological garden, complete with signage, seating areas, and access roads. Officials expect it to be both a cultural landmark and a source of education.