A comprehensive underwater archaeological survey conducted around the Greek island of Kasos has unveiled a trove of maritime history, with researchers identifying ten shipwrecks spanning millennia, from as far back as 3,000 BCE to the modern era.

Credit: NOAA’s National Ocean Service

The study, known as the “Kasos Maritime Archaeological Project,” was a collaborative effort between the National Hellenic Research Foundation and the Greek Ministry of Culture, spanning four years from 2019 to 2023.

Led by a team of divers operating at depths ranging from -20 meters to -47 meters, the expedition uncovered a diverse array of artifacts and remains. The discoveries encompᴀss artifacts from the prehistoric era, the Hellenistic and Roman periods, Byzantine, medieval, and Ottoman periods, as well as remnants from World War II.

Among the notable findings are a Spanish amphora dating back to 150-170 CE, ancient drinking vessels, Roman-era terra sigillata pottery, and an anchor from the Archaic period. These artifacts offer valuable information about ancient maritime trade routes and cultural exchanges, with cargo originating from regions as diverse as Spain, Italy, Africa, and Asia Minor.

The research team meticulously documented the findings using modern scientific methods, capturing over 20,000 underwater pH๏τographs to create digital reconstructions of the shipwrecks and artifacts. This wealth of primary data promises further studies by experts in various fields related to maritime archaeology and history.

In addition to the archaeological findings, the expedition also marked a milestone in underwater exploration, with the first-ever mapping and bathymetry of the Kasos-Karpathos reef and the Karpatholimnion area using side-scan sonar technology.

The culmination of the project coincided with the production of a documentary film тιтled “Diving into the History of the Aegean” by AORI FILMS, offering a captivating glimpse into the underwater treasures of Kasos. The film, available in both Greek and English, has garnered attention from international archaeological film festivals.

Looking ahead, plans are underway to expand the research to the marine area of Karpathos in June 2024, further extending the scope of exploration and discovery in the Aegean Sea.

Greece’s commitment to preserving its underwater cultural heritage is exemplified by initiatives such as the establishment of the first underwater museum off the island of Alonnisos in 2020, signaling a concerted effort to make historical sites and shipwrecks accessible to the public.